The guinea savannah vegetation type is a byproduct of centuries of tree devastation by man and fire, and continuous attempts by the plants to. Ileife lies within latitudes 0730 n to 0735 n and longitudes 0430 e to 0435 e. Geography nigeria is situated in the west african region and lies between longitudes 3 degrees and 14 degrees and latitudes 4 degrees and 14 degrees. The study demonstrates that remote sensing and gis exploratory techniques are appropriate tools for supporting effective management of the vegetation and. Evaluation of vegetation types and utilization in wildlife park of the university of agriculture makurdi, nigeria tyowua b. Nigerian vegetation pdf forest is vegetation that is dominated by tall, mostly evergreen trees and there is hardly. Dec 25, 2018 types of vegetation in nigeria nigeria is located in western africa. Geospatial assessment of vegetation status in sagbama.
Vegetation in nigeria is found to be more sensitive to rainfall variations in areas where there is an increase in the latter most especially the coastal regions, and decreasingly inwards to the hinterland, while in the northern parts of the country, there exists less sensitivity of vegetation to rainfall. Originally a russian term applied to the treeless temperate land of russia and siberia. This is with intention of identifying its significance in. The present study is an effort towards the provision of the needed vegetation information required for natural and vegetation resource management in the western axis of the niger delta region. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast.
The assessment of vegetation and land use changes in nigeria. This study was conducted to investigate the tree species richness and diversity of urban and periurban areas of the federal capital territory fct, abuja, nigeria, and produce normalized difference vegetation index ndvi for the territory. Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north.
Environment and vegetation on nigerias highlands springerlink. Changing vegetation patterns in yobe state nigeria. Nigeria s vegetation belts reflect this very close link between vegetation and climate. In this paper, a costeffective means of mapping nigerian vegetation as a means of monitoring. Mangrove forest and coastal vegetation ecological zone. It is hot and wet most of the year in the southeast but dry in the southwest and farther inland. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated. Department of biologocal sciences bot 421 nigerian. Nigeria has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons, depending on location. Best known vegetations in nigeria are 1 savanna and 2 forest. Attention is drawn to the variation in environmental conditions indicated by certain elements of the flora.
Impact of seasonal changes on the vegetation composition of some selected sites in lagos state nigeria. The forestsavanna boundary in nigeria has been an important area of biogeographic and ecological investigations. Mesma results were used to compare vegetation percentages inside each landsat7 pixel within 163 spillimpacted areas, and defined different determinants that increase the influence. The physiognomy and altitudinal zonations of the highland vegetation are discussed. A 3 1department of wildlife and range management, university of agriculture, makurdi. Hence, the similarity in the westtoeast zonation of both climate and vegetation. The latter is the least common, and is mainly found in the mountains near the cameroon border. A savanna climate, with marked wet and dry seasons, prevails in the north and west, while a steppe climate with little precipitation is found in the far north. The geographical area called nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 with over 180 million people living in it. Pathogen prevalence in ticks collected from the vegetation. The ecological zones in nigeria are based on keay 1949, and are defined from south to north as follows. Vegetation expresses and reflects environmental conditions, particularly climate.
Africas vegetationlike its climateis almost mirrored north and south of the equator. One example of this grassland is the serengeti plain in northern tanzania. Large herds can be found only in reserves and parks, especially on the bauchi plateau, in the yankara reserve. Conservation of natural vegetation in nigeria environmental. The guinea savanna is the largest vegetation zone in nigeria and where you find the great population of the middle belt. This paper attempts an inventory of forest resources in nigeria, exposes the utility.
It is a common word that had no basic reference to a significant geographical or botanical source, structure, spatial extent and life forms of any other dignified. Aug 22, 2019 nigeria has a long history that dates back as far as 9000 b. The natural vegetation of nigeria is very suitable for the economic activity. Pdf effects of quarrying activities on local vegetation. It is important to emphasise that eastern nigeria is not, and. The environments of nigeria s four major highlands are described.
Status and challenges of soil management in nigeria. Sensitivity of vegetation to annual rainfall variations over. It is broader than the term flora which refers to species composition. Although there are a lot of problems connected with savannas development, the climatic conditions still contribute to the producing of cash crops. Data were collected from urban abuja city and periurban lugbe areas of the fct using both semistructured questionnaire and inventory of tree species. The assessment of vegetation and land use changes in nigeria between 197678 and 199395 english abstract.
Forest is vegetation that is dominated by tall, mostly evergreen trees and. Nigerias ecology varies from tropical forest in the south to dry savanna in the far north, yielding a diverse mix of plant and animal life. Centre for disaster risk management and development studies. There are a variety of different species of plants that are native to the west african nation of nigeria, a country which is situated along the gulf of guinea.
Methodology study area this study was carried out in ileife in southwestern nigeria. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features about 200 years ago it was possible to meet here herds of rhinoceroses, giraffes, elephants and many others, now their number has sharply decreased. The study was aimed at the application of a precise method to ascertain the role of quarrying activities on vegetation cover in ebonyi state, nigeria. The northern part of adamawa state has the subsudan vegetation zone marked by short grasses interspersed with short trees, while in its southern part, the northern guinea savannah vegetation exists. Application of remote sensing and geographic information. Tree species richness, diversity, and vegetation index for. The broad, mostly level valleys of the niger and benue rivers form nigerias largest physical region. It is bordered to the north by the republics of niger and chad. As mentioned in the previous lesson, nigeria is a state of forests and savannas. Nigerias vegetation belts reflect this very close link between vegetation and climate. Broadly speaking, the national vegetation over a geographical area is essentially a response to the climate in that area. Spatiotemporal assessment of vegetation resource dynamics in. The need to conserve representative samples of natural vegetation was recognized in nigeria over thirty years ago. Quarrying activities affect vegetation cover by hindering it from performing its biological roles.
Nigeria currently has two broad belts of vegetation. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. Department of biologocal sciences bot 421 nigerian vegetation. Swamp forest, montane forest, and forest outliers, may be included within this scope, but currently none of these sites is being preserved in nigeria. Research article evaluation of vegetation types and.
We are taking a look at the four types of vegetation in africa, zones, and their features. Pdf is nigeria losing its natural vegetation and landscape. Nigeria can make big profits if their natural resources are used wisely. Around 1400, the yoruba kingdom of oyo was founded in the southwest and reach its height from the 17th to the 19th century. On november 7, 1994, a contract was signed by the forestry management, evaluation and coordinating unit formecu with the consortium of geomatics international inc. In nigeria only the sahel zone has this type of vegetation eg north east nigeria. Constant cutting and burning out of crop plots led to a drastic reduction in the area of forests that now occupy about onethird of the territory. Geography, climate and vegetation embassy of nigeria, beirut.
Vegetation and litter production in southern guinea savanna. Before 1950 only two conservation areas had been laid down but at present there are seven in operation. While it is to be hoped that legislation will soon be introduced to facilitate protection, a comprehensive survey has recently been carried out with a view to substantially increasing the number of conservation areas in nigeria, and to make them more fully representative of the different vegetation zones of nigeria. Western nigeria was undertaken as part of an international project. Aug 01, 2019 nigeria s varied plant species are used in construction, food, medicine, and decoration. Remote sensing and vegetation mapping different methods are used for collecting land use and land cover information which can be used for vegetation mapping depending on the degree of detail required for the specific project leak and venugopal, 1990. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information.
Original research oil spill influence on vegetation in. Pdf an assessment of vegetation cover in lagos state. Africas vegetation consists of grasslands, rain forests, and a wide variety of other plant life. Once, a significant part of the territory was covered with dense tropical rainforests. In nigeria, the conservation of representative samples of major vegetation types is being undertaken, though it is not yet possible to make special provision for individual plant species. The country is covered by three major types of vegetation which include forests, savannahs and montane land. As a consequence, if vegetation studies in this part of nigeria are to be implemented, both the past and recent patterns of vegetation change require close monitoring through empirical studies. There could be numerous shrubs up to 30 feet high each. This study examines the woody vegetation, annual leaffall and annual woodfall in southern guinea savanna near mokwa, nigeria. Reference soil ofthe southern guinea savanna of south western nigeria. Vegetation and land use changes in nigeria between 197678 and 199395.
Sep 23, 20 in nigeria the savanna zone is split into two. Influence of vegetation characteristics on nutrient loss in the. The earliest cities in nigeria were the northern cities of kano and katsina that started around c. For instance, larinalabi 1979 examined the potentialities of air photos for studying nigerias tropical forests. The outward and visible sign of the desertification process is the gradual shift in vegetation from grasses, bushes and occasional trees, to grass and bush and in. Spatiotemporal assessment of vegetation resource dynamics in nigeria from spot satellite imageries. Sep 07, 2018 vegetation is the species of plant coupled with the provided land cover. There were 1425402 95% limits trees ha1 of which caesalpiniaceous legumes made up 53%. Assessing the landuselandcover change trajectories and effects in onitsha using remote sensing and gis. With the south to north progressive decline in total rainfall and length of wet season, vegetation belts are demarcated on westtoeast zonation pattern characterised by. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of bacterial and protozoan tickborne pathogens in ticks collected from the vegetation and cattle in nigeria by pcr. Guinea savanna extends from the south around enugu to the north toward zaira. Application of remote sensing and geographic information system in monitoring the dynamics of landuse in minna, nigeria g.