There are several factors affecting the relation of noise signal ratio with nqr. A selective absorption phenomenon observable in a wide variety of polycrystalline compounds containing nonspherical atomic nuclei when placed in a magnetic radiofrequency field. Oxygen17 nuclear quadrupole double resonance spectroscopy. It is nondestructive, highly specific and noninvasive, requires no static magnetic field, and as such is currently used in the detection of explosives and narcotics. High sensitivity nuclear quadrupole resonance of light nuclei. Nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy direct observation of the hs and cs of a molecules nuclei are positively charged and spin on an axis.
A nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr measurement system includes a waveform generator configured to generate a continuous wave cw input signal comprising one or more frequencies. Pdf nuclear quadrupole resonance, applications researchgate. Nuclear quadrupole resonance is one of the family of magnetic resonance spectroscopies, the most notable members being nuclear magnetic resonance nmr 5 and magnetic resonance imaging mri 6. Pdf nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. A modification of nuclear quadrupole double resonance with coupled multiplet is proposed which can be used for the measurement of the dipolar structure of the 17o nuclear quadrupole resonance.
Tables of nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies,halsted. Nuclear quadrupole resonance herreros major reference. Journal of research of the national bureau of standards. Nuclei with a spin greater than 12, such as 14 n, have a nuclear electric quadrupole moment that interacts with the electric field of the surrounding electrons, producing an electric quadrupole coupling.
The transition frequencies between the nuclear quadrupole energy levels, which are. Both automatic gain control and sideband suppression have been incorporated by using external quench waveforms of variable marktospace ratio. Locked nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer for pressure measurements ronald c. A cw nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer centered on the superregenerative oscillator and working in the range 2040 mhz is described. Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy and its application to. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr was once written off as a dead field, but has recently had a modest rebirth, and has been applied with success to several areas of materials science, most notably the high. Spie 8017, detection and sensing of mines, explosive.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a spectroscopic technique that can detect explosives of high chemical specificity and therefore it is very suitable for the landmine detection problem. Calculation of the nuclear quadrupole resonance spectra of. Nuclear magnetic resonance nmr has been widely used in the context of quantum information processing qip. Nuclear quadrupole resonance in kernite by rudolph roland haering a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts i n the department of p h y s i c s we accept t h i s t h e s i s as conforming t o the standard r e q u i r e d from candidates f o r the degree of master of arts members o f the department of p h y s i c s the university of british. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr offers a unique means for the study of less structure, dynamics and chemical bonding in solids. How weak rf pulses and double resonance crossrelaxation contribute to explosives detection.
View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. The resonance effect comes from the fact that valence electrons preferentially align with some of the 14 n. System upgrade on feb 12th during this period, ecommerce and registration of new users may not be available for up to 12 hours. Extensive use of ics in these circuits leads to ease of construction as well as increased reliability. Nqr is a particular case of nuclear magnetic resonance nmr in crystals. Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance nmr methodology and improvements in highfield nmr instrumentation have generated a new wave of research interests in the application of solidstate. The interaction of a nuclear quadrupole moment with the local inhomogeneous. Unlike nmr, nqr transitions of nuclei can be detected in the absence of a magnetic field, and for this reason nqr spectroscopy is referred to as zero field nmr. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a method similar to nuclear magnetic resonance nmr, which generates energy gaps by using an external static field.
Twodimensional nutation echo nuclear quadrupole resonance. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a radio frequency rf spectroscopy technique for solid materials the instrumentation is like nmr but nqr doesnt require an applied b 0 field because the physical mechanism is different there are benefits and drawbacks to nqr as compared with nmr. Temperature effects in nuclear quadrupole resonance. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is an experimental method that has contributed substantially towards. A study of the chlorine nuclear quadrupole resonance. A selective absorption phenomenon observable in a wide variety of polycrystalline compounds containing nonspherical atomic nuclei when placed in a. Nuclear quadrupole resonance detection of explosives. Recent developments in solidstate nuclear magnetic. Explosives detection with nuclear quadrupole resonance. Nuclear quadrupole resonance in kernite ubc library open. The crossover between the nmr and the nuclear quadrupole resonance interaction regimes nist.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is the study of the energy splittings due to interaction of the electric quadrupole moment of the nucleus with the electric field gradient that exists at the nuclear site. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr offers a unique means for the study of less structure. In nmr the splitting of the energy levels, and therefore the frequency observed, occurs because of the interaction of the nuclear magnetic moment with an external magnetic field. Here viiand ye are the resonance frequencies when the electronic magnetic moment is in a direction parallel and perpendicular to the caxis respectively, 0 the angle between the magnetic moment and the caxis, q the principal value of the e. Recent advances in high sensitivity nuclear quadrupole. We provide an overview of nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr, including two. Nuclear quadrupole resonance is a radio frequency rf spectroscopic technique, closely related to nmr, which can be used to detect signals from solids containing nuclei with spin quantum number 12. Locked nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer for pressure. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr the resonance absorption of electromagnetic energy in a crystal owing to transitions between energy levels that are formed as a result of the interaction of nuclei that have an electric quadrupole moment with the crystal electric field. This technology collects proliferation sensitive information and requires the use of an information barrier. Miller nuclear quadrupole resonance detection of explosives. Nuclear quadrupole resonance research papers academia. Magnetic resonance can be observed from nuclei with a magnetic dipole moment, that is, nuclei with a spin quantum number, i. Nuclear quadrupole resonance harbison major reference.
A nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer with automatic. Nuclear quadrupole resonance as a nondestructive testing tool. Pdf the applications of nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr are surveyed. The field of nuclear quadrupole resonance has been transformed recently by the invention of double resonance techniques which are applicable to powdered solids or frozen liquids. Many nuclei with spins greater than vz have a quadrupole moment and most of these quadrupole moments have been measured and tabulated. The field of nuclear quadrupole resonance has been transformed recently by the invention of doubleresonance techniques which are applicable to powdered solids or frozen liquids. It works by exciting nuclei with radiowaves and comparing the resulting properties to known high explosives. The spectra of light elements such as 2 h, 14 n, 17 0 and 23 na are now detected with ease and with a sensitivity such that 17 o, or even 2 h, may be measured in its. Ab initio calculations of nuclear quadrupole resonance. Find out information about nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr. The name itself is a misnomernqr is really nmr at zero field. Effect of a single radiofrequency pulse in the general case.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance in bromothiophenes springerlink. Recent advances in high sensitivity nuclear quadrupole resonance. Electric field gradient nuclear quadrupole resonance double resonance nitrogen mustard asymmetry factor these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. They performed a detailed perturbationnqr regime, where little or. Vanderhart institute for materials research, national bureau of standards, washington, d. Nuclear pure quadrupole resonance nqr is a resonance technique that provides distinctly different information from that provided by nuclear magnetic resonance nmr. The nuclear quadrupole moment mesured with nuclear quadrupole. Nuclear quadrupole resonance in kernite by rudolph roland haering a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts i n the department of p h y s i c s we accept t h i s t h e s i s as conforming t o the standard r e q u i r e d from candidates f o r the degree of master of arts members o f the department of p h y s i c s the. Nuclear quadrupole resonance an overview sciencedirect topics. Nuclear quadrupole resonance article about nuclear. Applications of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy to.
Nuclear magnetic resonance, first demonstrated in 1946, takes advantage of the fact that certain atomic nuclei possess magnetic dipole moments. Naval research laboratory nrl has expertise in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance nmr, magnetic resonance imaging mri. A study of the chlorine nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrum of k 2 oscl 6 in the vicinity of the structural phase transition using fourier transform techniques is reported. Nuclear quadrupole resonance at the naval research laboratory the polymer diagnostics section code 6122 of the u. Pdf nuclear magnetic resonance download ebook for free. The system applies an rf signal to a coil 34 to excite the substance under test. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a spectroscopic technique that can detect explosives with high chemical specificity and therefore it is very suitable for the landmine detection problem. Basics of nuclear magnetic resonance, second edition is a comprehensive and modern introduction which focuses on those essential principles and concepts needed for a thorough understanding of the subject, rather than the practical aspects. The nqr resonance is mediated by the interaction of the electric field gradient efg with the quadrupole. However, despite the great similarities between nmr and nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr, no experimental implementation for qip using nqr has been reported.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr article about nuclear. However, nuclei with a spin of one or more have electric quadrupole moments, and their energies are split by the intrinsic electric field gradient, which is highly specific to the substance. Nuclear m agnetic resonance sp ectroscopy nuc lear quadrupole resonance applications. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr uses radiofrequency rf magnetic fields to induce and detect transitions. Pdf nuclear quadrupole resonance, theory researchgate. A nuclear quadrupole resonance spectboheter by beverley1 joan fulton b. A nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer ubc library. An rf shielded chamber receives the at least one mut that is carried by a person walking through the chamber. Nuclear quadrupole resonance an overview sciencedirect. Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy or nqr is a chemical analysis technique related to nuclear magnetic resonance. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr and nuclear magnetic resonance nmr studies on sup 63,65cu have demonstrated the the resonance properties of these nuclei can give important information about the electronic structure of the high temperature superconductor ybasub 2cusub 3osub 7minusx as well as the exchange coupling energy between the cu2 sites.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance has much in common with nuclear magnetic resonance nmr, the fundamental physical process that makes magnetic resonance imaging possible. A number of atomic nuclei possess nonzero electric quadrupole moments in the ground state. Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance nmr methodology and improvements in highfield nmr instrumentation have generated a new wave of research interests in the application of solidstate nmr to the study of quadrupolar nuclei. Safin, tables of nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies in russian, leningrad 1968. View nuclear quadrupole resonance research papers on academia. A system for detecting a target substance within a class of explosives and narcotics containing quadrupolar nuclei through the use of nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr. Potential of nuclear quadrupole resonance in pharmaceutical. Us6194898b1 system and method for contraband detection. This moment is a measure of how the nuclear charge distribution deviates away from spherical symmetry and it happens in nuclei with greater spin or equal to. The nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr explosive identification system is used to confirm the presence, and identify, high explosives in an object or container. Nuclear quadrupole resonances in compact vapor cells. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr is a spectroscopic technique closely related to nuclear magnetic resonance nmr and magnetic resonance imaging mri.
Pdf the theory of nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy is summarized. We trace the transformation of i 32 1xe nuclear spin resonances from the pure nuclear quadrupole regime to the quadrupoleperturbed zeeman regime. Recent developments in solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance. At high temperatures a single symmetric line spectrum is observed as expected from the high temperature cubic antifluorite structure. Nuclear quadrupole resonance for explosive detection hideo itozaki and go ota graduate school of engineering science, osaka university machikaneyama toyonaka, osaka, 5608531, japan abstract abstract a nuclear quadrupole resonance detector has been developed. Field gradient electric field gradient nuclear quadrupole resonance quadrupole coupling constant electric. A system and method for detecting at least one material under test mut is presented. Daniel canet, lionel merlat, benoit cordier, denis grandclaude, alain retournard, maude ferrari. Nuclear quadrupole resonance nqr spectroscopy provides information on the ground state charge distribution about a quadrupolar nucleus, because the. In the simplest case, for example, 35cl in solid cl 2, nqr is associated with the precession of the angular. Temperature effects in nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy. Locked nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer for. If the target material is present, an nqr signal will be picked up by the same coil, that signal is compared with known nqr signals in.